Leaders As Architects Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leaders As Architects - Assignment Example The frames thus need designing. They need to be designed with a leadership eye toward preferred ends, the nature of organizational culture, the talents of the available workforce, and the available resources within the leader’s reach. The leaders then using appropriate management skills provide a durable sense of direction or purpose, rooted deeply in organizational values and the human spirit that builds the culture. Wright created an architectural framework that stood the test of time through clear planning. This is more similar to the works of modern day leaders who are charged with architecturally crafting their organizations (Bennis, 2003). Just like Wright leaders should ensure that by effective planning. Leaders direct their organizations into making sustainable culture that stand the test of time. These cultures should last to provide for profitable glory years after they have gone. Wright also believed in designing structures through the philosophy of organic architecture. These were structures that were in harmony with humanity and even environment. In contemporary world organizations, they exist because efficient leaders build them. They are needs to conduct this role through thorough involvement of all stakeholders in planning strategies. Furthermore, leadership development today includes a useful metacurriculum on framing and cognitive elasticity as Wright believed in his work (McCar ter, 2006). Top leaders thus charged with modeling multi-frame organizational strategizing and the benefits of cross-frame cultural discourse. As a result, organizations enhance their capacities in totality for multi-framed analysis or action while building new levels of organizational learning and awareness. Walden University mission is the provision of a diverse community of career professionals. These individuals are empowered with transformative minds to effect positive social change. On the other, the missions echoing the learning community where

What is Joyces perception Essay Example for Free

What is Joyces perception Essay In the Dubliners Joyce trails the children in his stories from childhood to maturity gradually increasing in age from one story to the next. The characters in the first three stories are young enough to still entertain hopes and dreams of their adult lives and the adventures and experiences that they might have. These first three stories The Sisters, An Encounter and Araby are all set in the childhood stages of life. In all three of these stories the children come across as young, innocent and very nai ve. Each one of the children in each of the stories learns or discovers at least one thing about the adult world that they live in. There are three words that describe the childhood world in Dublin at this time perfectly and they are isolation, paralysis and entrapment. In The Sisters the boy discovers the reality of death when a close adult friend of his dies. At the beginning of the story he is intrigued by the world paralysis, It filled me with fear, and yet I longed to be nearer it and to look upon its deadly work. This boy had not come across the idea of confinement to one particular place or room like the dying priest was on his deathbed and the idea was a strange one for him. He wanted to understand it and when the priest dies the child grows to understand the idea a bit better. The priest is said to have taught him a great deal, mind you; and they say he had a great wish for him. The priest assumed that the boy would want to go into the church without any discussion or ideas from the boy, this shows that during this time in Dublin the youth were guided by the adults around them, they followed on doing the same job as them. The children of this time just thought that this is what happened and they didnt have the choice of what they wanted to do as they entered adulthood, this is an example of entrapment in childhood. In An Encounter the boy discovers the corruption of the adult world. As a child the boy believes that all adults are trusted. The boy meets this stranger and the man takes an unusual liking to the boy and pays a strange amount of attention to him. There seems to be a sexual nature about the attention that he is paying to the boy and the boy does not see this at the beginning and speaks to the man about literature and school punishments but then the boy seem to understand that this is not the way that most adults have spoken to him before and he sees that something is strange about this and so tries to get away from the man. He had not seen this side of the adult world before and he then did not know how to react towards the people around him, he understands that not everyone is to be trusted. The boy in Araby has just discovered a girl that he has strong feelings for. He wants to please the girl and so he agrees that he will go to the bazaar on the other side of Dublin and buy her a present. From the story it seems that she is a bit older than the boy and seems to have had more experience of people of the other sex and knows how to manipulate the boy and enjoys how much she knows the boy likes her. In this story the boy discovers the opposite sex and the circulation that relationships and the opposite sex themselves can lead you into. The boy was so determined to go to the bazaar just to impress this girl, maybe he wouldnt have gone if the girl didnt want some thing from there. There are lots of ideas of circulation in the three stories about childhood. At the time that Joyce has set these stories there was a lot of circulation in Dublin, the children would have found it very hard to get out of the way that people wanted them to react and behave. They would have found it hard to find a job for themselves most families had generations of their families in the same job and workplace it would even have been hard for them to leave Dublin and Ireland as there were not great opportunities at that time for these people. All of the children in Dubliners live with their aunt and uncle whether this is because the children have been abandoned by their parents of have left with them due to professional or any other reason is not known, but this shows that there is a great sense of family based groups in Dublin at this time and there may not be a way of getting out of this again, the idea of entrapment and circulation. I believe that children at the time that Joyce wrote the stories of children in the Dubliners were not aware of the dangers of the adult world around them. I think that they are very nai ve and innocent and they have a lot to learn about themselves and those around them. In these particular stories these children discover death, the corruption of adulthood and the opposite sex. These are all very important this in the development towards adolescence and then adulthood. I think that Joyce was very aware of the development of children at this time and I believe that he conveys their youth and naivety very well in the stories that he wrote.

Marketing Strategies Of Reva Marketing Essay

Marketing Strategies Of Reva Marketing Essay The positioning statement will change accordingly. The target market is first identified by doing segmentation. Then not only in one or two cities but a gamut of cities across the whole of India are targeted. This is done by collaborating with the dealers across cities. The partnership with Mahindra Automotive Group will come in handy at this juncture, not only by leveraging the established trusted dealership network of Mahindra Automotive group, but also with the help of fresh infusion of funds in this cash strapped venture. Appropriate positioning the product across these cities can potentially maximize sales. In this marketing strategy, we shall also take into account the customer inertia that the car will face, not only because it is the first of its kind but also because it would be difficult to get people to change their style of driving from petrol cars to electric cars. In the current national scenario anybody who is buying a car has two things in their mind, fuel prices and manoeuvrability. On a bigger sense carbon foot print they leave behind is also a concern. This is where REVA fits in. At 40 paisa/km it is far cheaper than any gasoline vehicle and they leave no carbon foot print. Electric and hybrid cars are the cars of the future. In a growing economy like India where purchasing power of people increases and awareness of going green is increasing a car like REVA as huge market. REVA is doing extremely well in UK and other European countries but its market performance is below expectation in India. This is mainly because of wrong segmentation, positioning and the prevailing image of car among public. It is one of the least advertised automobile in India. In current light of REVA being taken over by Mahindra Mahindra, we expect there will be a huge shift in the strategic positioning and making the brand REVA. This is where our brand choice beco mes relevant. In this project we are trying to come with a proper STP analysis and a market plan to make REVA a mass brand in India. This is the same path on which Indias biggest corporate house MM is also working. MM vision is to make REVA a mass brand and position it as an affordable vehicle. The rationale behind choosing REVA is it is very much industry relevant and it is more or less a live project. The REVA Electric Car Company (RECC) was incorporated in 1995 as a joint venture between the Bangalore based Maini Group and AEVT Inc. of Irvindale, California, to manufacture eco-friendly, cost-effective electric vehicles for city mobility. The RECC is located at the Bommasandra Industrial Area, Bangalore. The company has an installed capacity of 5000 units and employees over 180 people. An advanced flexible assembly line production technology ensures high productivity at lower breakeven volumes. The Research and Development unit has DSRI recognition for further indigenization and development of next generation electric vehicles. With Mahindra Group taking controlling stake in the company, the completion of new plant and fresh fund infusion would accelerate the development pace of world class electric vehicles. Customer The lack of print and TV advertisements have left the company rely on early adopter reviews and word of mouth marketing. The news in media is also another form of exposure which the company relies upon in reaching to the customers. The dismal sales of REVA show that the customer is not well informed to be coerced into the buying decision. The gender profile of the customers shows that 49% of current customers are women in urban centres. The demographic profiling provides no specific bias of any particular age group customers. The elderly has adopted the car due to the ease of driving to a large extent. The customers look at it as a second car rather than a primary car. Collaborator The controlling stake holding by Mahindra Group has given a new direction to the vision of RECC. The plan for small batch production schedules in collaboration with suppliers will have a cascading effect in the fortunes of company. The most important factor in the tie-up would be the showrooms and dealerships of Mahindra which can be accessed by REVA. This is instrumental in getting the relevant exposure in the absence of significant advertising campaigns. The internal RD activities will get a boost with the establishment of a joint-venture by Mahindra and Nissan. Competition Currently there are no direct competitors for REVA in the electric vehicle segment. Players like Bajaj, Renault, and Toyota are planning to rollout electric cars in India. Comparing with other fuel based vehicles, Tata Nano and Maruti Alto can be considered as competitors in price bands. The prospective competitors, both domestic and foreign are given below. Domestic players AJANTA GROUP The Morbi-based world famous clock-maker Ajanta group is the new entrant in the small car sector. The company is planning to manufacture an electric car at its Samkhiyali unit in Kutch district and market it at a price lower than Rs 1-lakh Nano. The company is already into manufacturing electric scooters and bikes under the name Oreva. The technology is almost similar and a major per cent of its parts can be produced in-house, which will give them an edge over the vehicles pricing. TATA Tata Companys chairman, Ratan Tata, has, on two occasions talked about his companys plans to develop an electric car. At the companys annual meeting last year, he said that they were developing an electric car. In June 2009, at the Cornell Global Forum on Sustainable Global Enterprise, Tata suggested that his companys electric car would be in the market by fall of 2009. Tatas distribution network would give its electric car an immediate advantage. Mahindra Mahindra is planning a four-seater electric car in 2010. Tara Tiny, an Electric Vehicle from Indias Tara International and Chinas Aucma, plans to retail at Rs. 99,000 -which is lower than even Tata Nano. Foreign players VOLKSWAGEN Europes largest car manufacturer Volkswagen, is all set to launch the electric version of Volkswagen Polo. The Volkswagen Polo is the most successful hatchback car in Europe and Volkswagen recently launched its Indian Version. Volkswagen is all set to capture the market segment by launching not only Electric Polo, but a whole new range of electric cars. The German car maker is following a planned and meticulous strategy in India. They will be launching E-Golf sometime in 2013, which will then be followed by the launch of E-Jetta. Volkswagen also announced that the company has plans of launching an electric vehicle which is affordable for users from various segments. The key to an efficient electric car is a strong Lithium-ion battery, for which VW has collaborated with Japanese companies such as Toshiba Sanyo. VW is also planning an LPG launch of its Polo which will have a 1.4 Litre engine and will run on both petrol and LPG. Currently the Polo petrol version costs around Rs.5 lakh to 7 lakhs. However we can expect the electric cars from Volkswagen to be priced competitively. RENAULT Renault already has an impressive lineup of existing Electric Vehicles, EVs selling in many countries, These EVs include Kangoo (goods moving vehicle), Zoe (mid-sized sedan) and Twizy (two-seater concept car) which was also displayed at the Auto Expo 2010 at Delhi, India in January 2010. French auto major Renault is also looking at launching zero-emission electric vehicles in India by the middle of the decade. The company also plans to manufacture up to 500,000 units of electric vehicles (EV) globally by 2014. The company will first bring cars to India. These will be completely built units (CBU) but may look at local assembly of manufacturing later.The company plans to introduce the car in the European market post 2012.All these Renault models will use lithium ion batteries. While Twizy has a single charge mileage of 100 kilometres, Fluence and Kangoo will run up to 140-160 kilometres in a single charge. They are in discussions with the Delhi state government to finalize all details regarding special incentives for EVs, like tax benefits. The company is looking for tie-ups with local electricity authorities in India.

The Link between HIV and the Development of AIDS :: Free AIDS Essays

The Link between HIV and the Development of AIDS The breakout of the AIDS pandemic during the early eighties is considered one of the biggest challenges in modern medicine. Twenty years after the first AIDS cases were recorded, we are far from developing a cure for this devastating pandemic. Although our knowledge of this condition remains limited, the vast majority of scientists now agree that the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is the predominant cause of AIDS, and the notion that HIV equals AIDS is widely regarded as a fact by the general public. Since 1998, however, a group of dissenters led by Dr. Peter Duesberg has questioned the validity of this theory. Duesberg, an accredited biologist, believes that there is no cause and effect relationship between HIV and AIDS. Instead, he has proposed that drugs, recreational or prescribed, are responsible for the onset of AIDS in humans. Although his claims have been largely refuted by the scientific community, Duesberg has generated a large supporter base, which includes activist Christina Maggiore and South African President Thabo Mbeki. Since Duesberg's ideas were first introduced to the public in 1987, hundreds of HIV positive patients have followed the dissenter's advice and stopped taking available medication, even when there is no clear scientific evidence supporting his theory. Despite the gravity of the situation, the approach taken by the media and the scientific community has been to ignore the issues at hand, giving little to no coverage of this critical topic. Meanwhile, the number of dissenters continues to rise, as does the number of patients jeopardizing their lives. The first cases of the condition now known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) were reported in the United States in 1981, when five young males died from severe cases of pneumonia. At the time the disease was thought to be strongly associated with homosexuality and was known as the "gay cancer" or "gay pneumonia" (Duesberg 1996). The number of deaths under similar circumstances rose to over eight hundred in 1982, but it was not until 1984 that Dr. Robert Gallo successfully isolated the human immunodeficiency virus and declared it "the probable cause of AIDS" (Derbyshire 1997). No one has ever acquired AIDS symptoms without first having HIV. Over the past twenty years, our knowledge of HIV and AIDS has increased. We know that HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact, as well as through blood transfusions and during pregnancy from mother to child.

Current evidence based approaches for children’s behaviour Essay

Identify and explain current evidence based approaches to understanding children and young people’s behaviour Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the integration of best research evidence with practice expertise and the values of service users and carers. Firstly, when looking at best practice strategies in our setting it is evident that a number of theorists have had much impact on how we interact and engage children in their learning and development. Theorists focused on cognitive development such as Piaget and Vygotsky stressed the importance of the social environment in helping children realise their potential. Whilst behaviourists like Skinner believed that children learn/develop through consequences and reinforcements after an initial behaviour. Other theorists, like Freud and Maslow, examined the influence of personality and motivation as factors that influence our behaviour. Bandura further highlighted the value of social interactions. These studies and research have helped shape and model much of how we operate in the support we give children in their development and learning. EBP in infant, toddler, and early childhood psychology has the potential to improve the health of an increasingly diverse community by focusing on the needs of the youngest, most vulnerable members of society and the families charged with their care and nurturance. Although infant and early childhood psychology may seem like a narrow and specific area, evidence-based practice with young children and their families is vitally important, considering the broad implications for future long and short-term developmental outcomes There are many specific reasons for school psychologists’ current interest in infants, toddlers, and young children. For example, Premature and low birth weight (LBW) infants, especially very low birth weight (< 1500 grams), present unique challenges for early intervention since LBW is often a precursor for a myriad of developmental, medical, sensory, and learning difficulties. We use observations and next steps within my setting as evidence based approach to understanding a child’s behaviour. Using evidence seen such as – a child gets unsettled with transitions during the daily routine – how can we use  this evidence to best plan for the child. I.e. – in future give advance warning to any changes in the routine and offer support and comfort at times they find difficult thus the child growing in confidence. As a practitioner we apply knowledge to a situation that has been previously researched which allows us to make a well informed decision about future actions. Every day practise can be influenced by what we have learnt or found out from research, media, and colleagues. Professional practise is keeping up to date with these findings and using them to deliver best practise (using evidence and findings). Within my setting we also understand and respect the importance of all agencies communicating and sharing information and evidence to see the ‘whole child’ using this evidence to shape our practise and how we plan between each other for the best of the child.

Metaphors in The Play “As You Like It” Essay Essays

Metaphors in The Play â€Å"As You Like It† Essay Essays Metaphors in The Play â€Å"As You Like It† Essay Essay Metaphors in The Play â€Å"As You Like It† Essay Essay Essay Topic: As You Like it In his drama. â€Å"As You Like It. † and by and large in all his authorship William Shakespeare uses a batch of metaphors. In. â€Å"As You Like It. † he has Rosalind who is disguised as male child named Ganymede use an interesting metaphor that explores the relationship between the ingestion of clip and the motion of a Equus caballus based on temper or pleasance. In my sentiment the lone ground that Rosalind of all time uses the metaphor is to seek to convert Orlando. the adult male she has fallen in love with and knows that he loves her. that she is wise when it comes to love and that she as Ganymede could bring around his love by giving him love lessons. The metaphor proves to be effectual because by the terminal of their conversation Orlando is convinced that Ganymede could bring around him. When Rosalind foremost approaches Orlando disguised as Ganymede she asks him for the clip. Orlando answers by stating that there is no manner to cognize the clip in this wood because there are no redstem storksbills. He says that it would be more appropriate to inquire for the clip of twenty-four hours. Rosalind follows this up by stating. â€Å"Then there is no true lover in the wood. else suspiring every minute and moaning every hr would observe the lazy pes of clip every bit good as a clock. † ( III. two ; 275-77 ) . By this she means that a true lover is merely every bit good at stating clip as a clock because they are ever believing about the 1 they love and every minute they sigh and every hr the moan. Orlando admirations why Rosalind said the lazy pes of clip instead than the fleet pes of clip because he thinks it would hold been merely as appropriate. Rosalind explains how clip travels at different velocities for different people and how she could state who clip promenades for. who clip jogs for. who clip gallops for. and who clip stands still for. Orlando asks her about each velocity and Rosalind gives an illustration of the sort of individual who would hold clip move at each gait. When Orlando asks who clip jogs for Rosalind says. â€Å"Marry. he trot difficult with a immature amah between the contract on her matrimony and the twenty-four hours it is solemnized. If the interim be but a se’nnight. times gait is so difficult that it seems the length of seven twelvemonth. † ( III. two ; 285-88 ) . By this she means that between the clip a adult female gets engaged and the twenty-four hours of her nuptials clip seems to travel easy. This is because the adult female is exited and dying. A week’s clip could look like 7 old ages. It is my belief that clip ever moves the antonym of how you want it to. When Orlando asks who clip promenades for Rosalind replies. â€Å"With a priest that lacks Latin and a rich adult male that hath non the urarthritis. for the lone slumber easy because he can non analyze and the other unrecorded happily because he feels no hurting – he one missing load of thin and uneconomical acquisition. the other cognizing no load of heavy boring indigence. These clip ambles however. † ( III. two ; 290-95 ) . To mosey is to walk in a easy manner. Both the priest and rich adult male have reasonably easy lives in which they are non really busy. Because they do non make anything clip seems to travel easy. When Orlando asks who clip gallops for Rosalind answers with. â€Å"With a stealer to the gallows. for though he travel quietly as pes can fall. he thinks himself excessively shortly at that place. † ( III. two ; 297-98 ) . A stealer on his manner to the gallows walks every bit slow as he perchance can but clip still seems to travel so fast. This is another illustration of how clip seems to travel the antonym of how you want it excessively. When Orlando asks who clip stands still for Rosalind says. â€Å"With attorneies in the holiday. for they sleep between term and term. and they perceive non how clip moves. † ( III. two ; 300-01 ) . Lawyers on holiday sleep off their vacations and have no sense of clip. To them it is similar clip is non traveling at all. Whenever I am on holiday I normally sleep it off and when I do wake I have no thought how much clip has past. I have been playing association football for about 6 old ages now and I have learned that at my games clip either mover fast or decelerate. Normally when my squad is winning clip moves slow because I want the game to stop. When my squad is losing clip seems to travel fast because I do non desire the game to win. I want my squad to come back and win. I have learned that clip neer works the manner you want it excessively. Shakespeare’s metaphors add a batch of intending to his authorship. Without them he might non be every bit good cognize as he is now. The metaphor in. â€Å"As You Like It. † adds a batch to the narrative. It non merely adds affect but besides plays a function in the plot line. If Rosalind had non used she may hold non been able to convert Orlando to take love lessons with her and that would do a immense alteration in the narrative.

Significance of the Stono Rebellion

Significance of the Stono Rebellion The Stono Rebellion was the largest rebellion mounted by slaves against slave owners in colonial America. The Stono Rebellions location took place near the Stono River in South Carolina. The details of the 1739 event are uncertain, as documentation for the incident comes from only one firsthand report and several secondhand reports. White Carolinians wrote these records, and historians have had to reconstruct the causes of the Stono River Rebellion and the motives of the slaves participating from biased descriptions. The Rebellion On Sept. 9, 1739, early on a Sunday morning, about 20 slaves gathered at a spot near the Stono River. They had pre-planned their rebellion for this day. Stopping first at a firearms shop, they killed the owner and supplied themselves with guns. Now well-armed, the group then marched down a main road in St. Pauls Parish, located nearly 20 miles from Charlestown (today Charleston). Bearing signs reading Liberty, beating drums and singing, the group headed south for Florida. Who led the group is unclear; it might have been a slave named Cato or Jemmy. The band of rebels hit a series of businesses and homes, recruiting more slaves and killing the masters and their families. They burned the houses as they went. The original rebels may have forced some of their recruits to join the rebellion. The men allowed the innkeeper at Wallaces Tavern to live because he was known to treat his slaves with more kindness than other slaveholders. The End of the Rebellion After journeying for about 10 miles, the group of roughly 60 to 100 people rested, and the militia found them. A firefight ensued, and some of the rebels escaped. The militia rounded up the escapees, decapitating them and setting their heads on posts as a lesson to other slaves. The tally of the dead was 21 whites and 44 slaves killed. South Carolinians spared the lives of slaves they believed were forced to participate against their will by the original band of rebels. Causes The rebelling slaves were headed for Florida. Great Britain and Spain were at war (the War of Jenkins Ear), and Spain, hoping to cause problems for Britain, promised freedom and land to any British colonial slaves who made their way to Florida.   Reports in local newspapers of impending legislation may have also prompted the rebellion. South Carolinians were contemplating passing the Security Act, which would have required all white men to take their firearms with them to church on Sunday, presumably in case of unrest among a group of slaves broke out. Sunday had been traditionally a day when the slave owners set aside their weapons for church attendance and allowed their slaves to work for themselves. The Negro Act The rebels fought well, which, as historian John K. Thornton speculates, may have been because they had a military background in their homeland. The areas of Africa where they had been sold into slavery were experiencing intense civil wars, and a number of ex-soldiers found themselves enslaved after surrendering to their enemies. South Carolinians thought it was possible that the slaves African origins had contributed to the rebellion. Part of the 1740 Negro Act, passed in response to the rebellion, was a prohibition on importing slaves directly from Africa. South Carolina also wanted to slow the rate of importation down; African-Americans outnumbered whites in South Carolina, and South Carolinians lived in fear of insurrection. The Negro Act also made it mandatory for militias to regularly patrol to prevent slaves from gathering the way they had in anticipation of the Stono Rebellion. Slave owners who treated their slaves too harshly were subject to fines under the Negro Act in an implicit nod to the idea that harsh treatment might contribute to rebellion. The Negro Act severely restricted the lives of South Carolinas slaves. No longer could a group of slaves assemble on their own, nor could slaves grow their food, learn to read or work for money. Some of these provisions had existed in law before but had not been consistently enforced. Significance of the Stono Rebellion Students often ask, Why didnt slaves fight back? The answer is that they sometimes did. In his book American Negro Slave Revolts (1943), historian Herbert Aptheker estimates that over 250 slave rebellions occurred in the United States between 1619 and 1865. Some of these insurrections were as terrifying for slave owners as Stono, such as the Gabriel Prosser slave revolt in 1800, Veseys rebellion in 1822 and Nat Turners rebellion in 1831. When slaves were unable to rebel directly, they performed subtle acts of resistance, ranging from work slow-downs to feigning illness. The Stono River Rebellion is a tribute to the ongoing, determined resistance of African-Americans to the oppressive system of slavery. Sources Aptheker, Herbert. American Negro Slave Revolts. 50th Anniversary Edition. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.Smith, Mark Michael. Stono: Documenting and Interpreting a Southern Slave Revolt. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2005.Thornton, John K. African Dimensions of the Stono Rebellion. In A Question of Manhood: A Reader in U.S. Black Mens History and Masculinity, vol. 1. Ed. Darlene Clark Hine and Earnestine Jenkins. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1999.

The History and Domestication of Goats

The History and Domestication of Goats Goats (Capra hircus) were among the first domesticated animals, adapted from the wild bezoar ibex Capra aegargus in western Asia. Bezoar ibexes are native to the southern slopes of the Zagros and Taurus mountains, and evidence shows that the goat descendants spread globally, playing an important role in the advancement of Neolithic agricultural technology where they were taken. Beginning between 10,000-11,000 years ago, Neolithic farmers in the Near East starting keeping small herds of ibexes for their milk and meat, and for their dung for fuel, as well as for materials for clothing and building: hair, bone, skin, and sinew. Today over 300 breeds of goats exist on our planet, living on every continent except Antarctica and in a quite astonishing range of environments, from human tropical rain forests to dry hot desert regions and cold, hypoxic high altitude regions. Because of this variety, the domestication history was a bit obscure until the development of DNA research. Where Goats Originated Domestication in goats has been recognized archaeologically by the presence and abundance of the animal into regions that were well beyond western Asia, by perceived changes in their body size and shape (called morphology), by differences in demographic profiles in wild and domestic groups, and by stable isotope recognition of their dependence on year-round fodders. Archaeological data suggested two distinct places of domestication: the Euphrates river valley at Nevali Çori, Turkey (11,000 years ago [bp], and the Zagros Mountains of Iran at Ganj Dareh (10,000 bp). Other possible sites of domestication posed by archaeologists included the Indus Basin in Pakistan at (Mehrgarh, 9,000 bp), central Anatolia the southern Levant, and China. Divergent Goat Lineages Studies on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (Luikart et al) indicate there are four highly divergent goat lineages today. Luikart and colleagues suggested that means either there were four domestication events, or there is a broad level of diversity that was always there in the bezoar ibex. A study by Gerbault and colleagues supported Luikarts findings, suggesting the extraordinary variety of genes in modern goats arose from one or more domestication events from the Zagros and Taurus mountains and the southern Levant, followed by interbreeding and continued development in other places. A study on the frequency of genetic haplotypes (basically gene variation packages) in goats by Nomura and colleagues suggests that it is possible there may have been a southeast Asian domestication event as well, but its also possible that during the transport to southeast Asia via the steppe region of central Asia, goat groups developed extreme bottlenecks, resulting in fewer variations. Goat Domestication Processes Makarewicz and Tuross looked at stable isotopes in goat and gazelle bones from two sites on either side of the Dead Sea in Israel: Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) site of Abu Ghosh and the Late PPNB site of Basta. They showed that gazelles (used as a control group) eaten by the occupants of the two sites maintained a consistently wild diet, but goats from the later Basta site had a significantly different diet than goats from the earlier site. The main difference in the oxygen and nitrogen stable isotopes of the goats suggests that Basta goats had access to plants that were from a wetter environment than that near where they were eaten. That was likely the result of either the goats being herded to a wetter environment during some part of the year  or that they were provisioned by fodder from those locations. That indicates that people were managing goats in so far as moving them from pasture to pasture and/or providing fodder by as early as 8000 cal BC; and that was likely part of a process that began earlier still, perhaps during the early PPNB (8500-8100 cal BC), coinciding with reliance on plant cultivars. Important Goat Sites Important archaeological sites with evidence for the initial process of goat domestication include Cayà ¶nà ¼, Turkey (8500-8000 BC), Tell Abu Hureyra, Syria (8000-7400 BC), Jericho, Israel (7500 BC), and Ain Ghazal, Jordan (7600-7500 BC). Sources Fernndez H, Hughes S, Vigne J-D, Helmer D, Hodgins G, Miquel C, Hnni C, Luikart G, and Taberlet P. 2006. Divergent mtDNA lineages of goats in an Early Neolithic site, far from the initial domestication areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103(42):15375-15379.Gerbault P, Powell A, and Thomas MG. 2012. Evaluating demographic models for goat domestication using mtDNA sequences. Anthropozoologica 47(2):64-76.Luikart G, Gielly L, Excoffier L, Vigne J-D, Bouvet J, and Taberlet P. 2001. Multiple maternal origins and weak phylogeographic structure in domestic goats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98:5927-5932.Makarewicz C, and Tuross N. 2012. Finding Fodder and Tracking Transhumance: Isotopic Detection of Goat Domestication Processes in the Near East. Current Anthropology 53(4):495-505.Naderi S, Rezaei H-R, Pompanon F, Blum MGB, Negrini R, Naghash H-R, Balkiz Ãâ€", Mashkour M, Gaggiotti OE, Ajmone-Marsan P et al. 2008. The goat domestication process inferr ed from large-scale mitochondrial DNA analysis of wild and domestic individuals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(46):17659-17664. Naderi S, Rezaei H-R, Taberlet P, Zundel S, Rafat S-A, Naghash H-R, El-Barody MAA, Ertugrul O, Pompanon F, and for the Econogene C. 2007. Large-Scale Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of the Domestic Goat Reveals Six Haplogroups with High Diversity. PLoS ONE 2(10):e1012.Nomura K, Yonezawa T, Mano S, Kawakami S, Shedlock AM, Hasegawa M, and Amano T. 2013. Domestication Process of the Goat Revealed by an Analysis of the Nearly Complete Mitochondrial Protein-Encoding Genes. PLoS ONE 8(8):e67775.Vahidi SMF, Tarang AR, Naqvi A-u-N, Falahati Anbaran M, Boettcher P, Joost S, Colli L, Garcia JF, and Ajmone-Marsan P. 2014. Investigation of the genetic diversity of domestic Capra hircus breeds reared within an early goat domestication area in Iran. Genetics Selection Evolution 46(1):27.Zeder MA. 2001. A Metrical Analysis of a Collection of Modern Goats (Capra hircus aegargus and C. h. hircus) from Iran and Iraq: Implications for the Study of Caprine Domestication. Journal of Archaeological Science 28 (1):61-79. Zeder MA, and Hesse B. 2000. The Initial Domestication of Goats (Capra hircus) in the Zagros Mountains 10,000 Years Ago.Science 287:2254-2257.

Whitney Museum of American Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Whitney Museum of American Art - Essay Example creasingly understood that the context of the museum setting and the principles upon which it is built must be known in order to understand the potential approach taken. This knowledge can be gained in a variety of ways such as multiple visits over a period of time through which a ‘feel’ for the museum and its philosophical approach might be developed. More practical means of discerning the particular approach a museum has adopted may include discovering the history of the museum, the distinguishing characteristics of it, the philosophies of the people who helped to build the museum to its present incarnation and an understanding of the people who govern, to some degree, the museum’s direction – the board of directors and donors. Therefore, before looking into the way the Whitney Museum of American Art treats its patrons through member benefits or the type of exhibitions they present, it is helpful to investigate some of these more practical conceptions of history, uniqueness, foundational principles and current influences. This museum was founded in 1931 based largely around the American art objects either previously collected by the museum’s founder Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney or purchased specifically for the museum by Mrs. Whitney. The original collection featured 700 paintings, sculptures and other art objects. Operating on a relatively tight budget, the museum quickly established a custom of purchasing works from living artists who were on the cusp of making themselves known in the general art world. These artists were often discovered through regularly scheduled exhibitions that showcased recent American art. Inspired pieces were often acquired through these exhibitions as well as future works by these grateful artists. Although these exhibits started as annual events, as soon as the museum could afford expansion, the events were scheduled biennially instead, a custom the museum continues to practice today. According to the museum’s

Human Digestion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Digestion - Essay Example The wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is composed of muscular layers which allow two types of movements: the mixing movements and the propelling movements. Mixing movements are found in small tracts of the GIT and allow rhythmic contraction of the wall while the propulsive movements are wavelike and are also called peristalsis, pushing the mass of food into the next part of the GIT (Boland, Golding, & Singh, 2014). Mouth is the first place of food digestion and breaks food into smaller protions. Saliva also contains the enzyme salivary amylase which breaks the food starch into smaller molecules. In the oral cavity, lingual lipase is also secreted which has a very small impact on fat digestion. Saliva mixes with the food adding mucus to it forming the food bolus. The food bolus is transferred into the esophagus, which propels the bolus through persitaltic movements into the stomach. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid which is important to kill several pathogenic organisms in the food and also aids in protein digestion by converting pepsingen into pepsin. Pepsin breaks the protein into smaller chains so that they can be absorbed. Gastrin is also a part of the stomach secretions and aids in stmach motility and also stimulates the secretion of other gastric secretions. Intrinsic factor is key component in the absorption of vitamin B12, which basically ocurrs in the small intestine, terminal il leum. Without intrinsic factor, absorbtion of vitmain B12 will not be possible (Insel, Ross, McMahon, & Bernstein, 2014). Most of the digestion in the small intestine occurs in the duodenum which receives the secretions from the gall bladder, pancreas and also from the intrinsic duodenum glands. Pancreas secretes major enzymes for the digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Pancreas also secretes bicarbonate secretions to aid in digestion. The presence of bile

Review of You Know When the Men Are Gone by Siobhan Fallon Essay

Review of You Know When the Men Are Gone by Siobhan Fallon - Essay Example The author, Siobhan Fallon has invested in these stories a variety of emotions, realism and conciseness, which is prominent in the writing style and the tone used by the author. This book, â€Å"You Know When Men are Gone† movingly makes the citizens of the United States of America and its readers, recall, remember and pay tribute to the numerous sacrifices made by officials and staff of the naval, land, marine and the air forces of the country and not only the officials but also their parents, wives and children as well. This shows us that the sacrifices, like charity, when in the armed forces, begin at home. This book makes extensive use of different elements of literature, namely denotation and symbolism and these are used at numerous places, across all the stories. â€Å"Fallon provides a full three-sixty on military life, taking readers into the daily existences of both the women left behind to manage the mundane details and minor crises of domestic life and the loud-tal king, cursing, dreaming-of-home men who, knowing that they cannot control what happens while they’re away, grapple with the undeniable possibility that when they do finally return to home and family, they won’t find the same home and family they left† (Schinsky).   This book despite its very clear and denotative message of the absence of the military personnel from home, possesses a certain connotation. Set in the very secure colony of Fort Hood as well as the Green Zone in Iraq, the symbolism in this book by Fallon focuses on the world within the all the stake holders of war, especially the men fighting, the women waiting and the children crying. The stories in this capacity are inarguably out of the ordinary and attention grasping. This is not because of the fact that they are informative, emotional and heart wrenching but because they shed light on the truth—the profound, expressive truth of all the stakeholders of war and all those involved in these stories. This is because of the reason that the write Siobhan Fallon pursues first the complete realism of the life and surroundings of her book’s character. This she does through the prose which is concise and reverberating, later attaching with it a connotation. Therefore, the collection of short stories, received much praise from the masses and they exceeded expectations of all those who read them, primarily because of the fact that these stories were merely a narration by the author about her personal experiences. Each one of the short storiesput forth a varied theme, ranging from the partsthat military personnel, their staff and their colleagues must fulfill, regardless of the degree of command or the location, wherever they are, home or combat. This novel makes the readers aware of the elusive control that the military transmits even over the most apparentlyinsignificantfacets of time, how lengthy the grass may grow in the front yard, and the superiorand significant par t that is played by the families of these military personnel in each other’s lives. The family network, as described in the book is so inter woven that the families start feeling a certain sense of dependence upon each other. The author of this short stories collection Siobhan Fallon has taken great care of very intricate and seemingly lesser important matters. The author here has been very cautious and

Enhancing the Competitive Strategy Bank Muscat SAOG Assignment

Enhancing the Competitive Strategy Bank Muscat SAOG - Assignment Example This service should come hand in hand with liaising with other companies such as the utility companies to ensure that their bills can be paid through the bank for the customers in the bank. This will consequently increase the number of customers and also increase the revenues collected since the customers will be transacting at a fee. The bank is looking at going global in order to have the muscle and the ability to fight off any economic downturns that may face the country in the long-run. The markets in the country are volatile meaning that the bank is located in an economy that may change making it unstable. Backing the bank’s capital base and ensuring that the country cannot be worst hit by the economic or political downturns in the country can only be changed by increasing the number of branches outside the country (Bank Muscat, 2014). The bank therefore needs to assess the markets and spot the growing markets in order to establish branches in countries that have the best returns. The branches can be located in the neighboring countries such as Pakistan and India that are not too far away and in the process control the banking sector in the region through increasing their branches in the region further (Jeffreys, 2012). Targeting premier customer in the developed and developing countries such as Malay sia, China and Brazil where there is available markets for the service is also critical. The Bank should ensure that it does not back its assets in only a single area but back the assets through a stream of countries from all over the world and as a result gain the required capital base from abroad that cannot be affected by the Oman economy (Claessens and Van, 2007). The country may also consider merging with banks in the different countries that they wish to invest and ensure that the banks have a good reputation in order to ensure that the citizens of the countries believe in the bank. This is

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Response - Essay Example One can feel Mrs. Mallard’s sentiments of relief and liberation when reports of her husband’s death finally dawn on her. Although she openly weeps in the presence of her sister Josephine, she locks herself in her room and all of a sudden feels relieved from her husband’s death. According to Chopin, Mrs Millard kept whispering â€Å"free! Body and soul free!† as a show of exhilaration (Chopin 13).Mrs. Millard openly questions the meaning of love in human life. She claims it is meaningless if one only loves unwillingly. She wonders, â€Å"What could love the unsolved mystery count for in face of this possession of self-assertion† (Cunningham & Reich 725). In addition, Mrs. Millard terms this as the strongest impulse of her being. She goes on to wish she that could have existed a bit longer life now that her companion was supposedly dead. The author cites the main proponent’s fancy was running towards the days ahead of her. This is a clear indication of how unwillingly married she was to Brently and wished they could separate because this will add meaning to her life. Her husband had been silencing her will since she married him and his death adds meaning to her life, as she felt free from a authoritarian husband. I believe the kind of marriage that individuals involve themselves in highly determines the kind of life the individuals lead and their attitude in general. In many instances, when ones marriage is not comfortable and the person has an oppressive spouse, he or she has a negative attitude towards several things. Freedom plays a vital role in a human being’s attitude and in marriage, it is essential that each spouse is free to express their views and ideas. Ones nationality also influences someone’s attitude in diverse ways. For instance, when one identifies him or herself to a certain nation that has done well, the person is more confident in the midst of other and proud. Race plays an essential role in either

Rapid Freight Converged Network Security Case Study

Rapid Freight Converged Network Security - Case Study Example Accidentally, internal threats occur when people use their portable devices outside the network then plug them back in importing viruses and other malware. Some members of staff might be malicious and try to access unauthorized segments (Paul, 2011). External threats are easily kept at bay through the implementation of firewalls. A firewall allows a flow of data from known sources to the web server or specified destination while rejecting unknown traffic. If the firewall is compromised, it severs the connecting of the system to the internet host. Notwithstanding, firewalls are not perfect and should not be used solely (Stewart, 2010). Unified Access Control and Network Access Control ensure that device users are authorized to use the network. Account management system registers network users and signals any illegal activity. Coupled with Personalization, the intervention will keep the network safe from internal threats of any nature (Gregory, CISA, & CISSP, 2007). Implementing session management features such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) will overcome challenges posed by the use of VoIP phones, Video conferencing and PDAs. IPSec VPN scrambles traffic from the phone and safely connects to the corporate network without fear of infiltration. Softphone users will require authentication into the Converged network. Secure Socket Layer VPN (SSL VPN) ensures that users are logging in from healthy computers when accessing the network remotely. Intrusion Detection and Prevention software (IDS and IPS) will further enhance overall security by scanning entire network to identify and report signatures or suspicious traffic arrays (Gregory et al,  2007).

Enhancing the Competitive Strategy Bank Muscat SAOG Assignment

Enhancing the Competitive Strategy Bank Muscat SAOG - Assignment Example This service should come hand in hand with liaising with other companies such as the utility companies to ensure that their bills can be paid through the bank for the customers in the bank. This will consequently increase the number of customers and also increase the revenues collected since the customers will be transacting at a fee. The bank is looking at going global in order to have the muscle and the ability to fight off any economic downturns that may face the country in the long-run. The markets in the country are volatile meaning that the bank is located in an economy that may change making it unstable. Backing the bank’s capital base and ensuring that the country cannot be worst hit by the economic or political downturns in the country can only be changed by increasing the number of branches outside the country (Bank Muscat, 2014). The bank therefore needs to assess the markets and spot the growing markets in order to establish branches in countries that have the best returns. The branches can be located in the neighboring countries such as Pakistan and India that are not too far away and in the process control the banking sector in the region through increasing their branches in the region further (Jeffreys, 2012). Targeting premier customer in the developed and developing countries such as Malay sia, China and Brazil where there is available markets for the service is also critical. The Bank should ensure that it does not back its assets in only a single area but back the assets through a stream of countries from all over the world and as a result gain the required capital base from abroad that cannot be affected by the Oman economy (Claessens and Van, 2007). The country may also consider merging with banks in the different countries that they wish to invest and ensure that the banks have a good reputation in order to ensure that the citizens of the countries believe in the bank. This is

Rapid Freight Converged Network Security Case Study

Rapid Freight Converged Network Security - Case Study Example Accidentally, internal threats occur when people use their portable devices outside the network then plug them back in importing viruses and other malware. Some members of staff might be malicious and try to access unauthorized segments (Paul, 2011). External threats are easily kept at bay through the implementation of firewalls. A firewall allows a flow of data from known sources to the web server or specified destination while rejecting unknown traffic. If the firewall is compromised, it severs the connecting of the system to the internet host. Notwithstanding, firewalls are not perfect and should not be used solely (Stewart, 2010). Unified Access Control and Network Access Control ensure that device users are authorized to use the network. Account management system registers network users and signals any illegal activity. Coupled with Personalization, the intervention will keep the network safe from internal threats of any nature (Gregory, CISA, & CISSP, 2007). Implementing session management features such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) will overcome challenges posed by the use of VoIP phones, Video conferencing and PDAs. IPSec VPN scrambles traffic from the phone and safely connects to the corporate network without fear of infiltration. Softphone users will require authentication into the Converged network. Secure Socket Layer VPN (SSL VPN) ensures that users are logging in from healthy computers when accessing the network remotely. Intrusion Detection and Prevention software (IDS and IPS) will further enhance overall security by scanning entire network to identify and report signatures or suspicious traffic arrays (Gregory et al,  2007).

Price Elasticity Essay Example for Free

Price Elasticity Essay Using the calculation of: price elasticity of demand= (percentage change in quantity)/(percentage change in price) When the percentage change in the quantity that is demanded is greater than the percentage change in the price, the resulting absolute value of the calculation will be greater than 1. The first two products, Barnes and Noble books and Coca-Cola, will therefore have an elastic demand classification. When the percentage change in the quantity that is demanded is less than the percentage change in the price, the resulting absolute value of the calculation will be less than 1. The last three products of Cigarettes, Beer, and Gasoline; will therefore have an inelastic demand classification. (R. Glen Hubbard, 2012) Explain the implications of those classifications on tax revenue collections when the per-unit tax increases as opposed to decreases. When the products are inelastic, an increase in price from the higher duty will lead to a small decrease in demand which is not enough to offset the higher tax that is raised on each unit. Basically, tax revenue collections will therefore rise. The tax revenue collections will fall when that price decreases. They move in the same direction. When the products are elastic, an increase in price from the higher duty would lead to a fall in tax revenue collections. Alternately, when the price decreases, it would lead to a rise in the tax revenue collections. The relationship here is an inverse one. (R. Glen Hubbard, 2012) Using those classifications, make some assumptions regarding tax incidence. For instance, will buyers or sellers pay a larger portion of the tax per unit? Explain. If the product is price inelastic to the consumer (if price rose, a small demand loss would be accounted for by the extra revenue), the seller is able to pass the entire or most of the burden of the tax on to the buyer. The tax incidence here falls on the buyer. If the seller is unable to raise prices because the product is price elastic (if prices rose, more demand would be lost than extra revenue gained), the seller then has to bear the burden of the tax or face decreased revenues. The tax incidence here falls to the seller. In this scenario, the burden would likely continue to flow further back to the factors of production. (Wikipedia, 2013) Conclude, based on the elasticity classifications, their effect on tax revenue and tax incidence, and which goods the government would prefer to tax. The government would prefer to tax products that are usually inelastic. The reason for this is that the quantity demanded of inelastic goods is proportionally smaller than the increase or decrease in the change in price†¦they are less responsive. Therefore the government will place taxes on these goods and they will acquire higher tax revenues. The seller basically does not care that much as they simply place most of the burden of these taxes onto the buyer. Bibliography R. Glen Hubbard, A. P. (2012). Microeconomics, 3rd edition. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Wikipedia. (2013, April 6). Tax Incidence. Retrieved 9 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_incidence

Aspects Of British Colonialism In Uganda And Kenya History Essay

Aspects Of British Colonialism In Uganda And Kenya History Essay Uganda and Kenya as British protectorates were founded in 1894. Colonization of Africa employed a number of methods. The main ones were the use of the gun the Bible or religion. Buganda was colonized by the gun, Bible and koran. The Bible and koran teachings became effective ways of establishing a fanatical following which eventually played a crucial role in the political landscape of buganda. By 1867 islam was established in buganda and Mutesa I was already observing the ramadhan and learning to read the koran. Mutesa I pages at his courts fully converted though Mutesa I never converted fully to islam. The Christian Missionary Society (CMS) arrived in buganda in June 1877. After two years the roman catholic white fathers arrived in buganda. The arrival of these two groups not only ignited a rivalry between them but confused the buganda (EnterUganda). Just as Uganda, Kenya had its share of missionary activity which sprang up from the coastal part of the region. Missionaries first landed at the coastal town which had been previously explored and dominated by the arab traders who came in with the koran. However the factional fights that were characteristic of the buganda were not with Kenya mainly because of the ethnic set up diversity that existed in Kenya. Later on the establishment of colonial boundaries would greatly affect these more than 40 different communities who were now brought together into one territory. In the case of the buganda and on a broader scale there was rivalry between the French who were catholic inclined and the English who were protestant inclined. In this rivalry was also a scramble for products and cheap raw materials source. On the other hand the earliest foreign expeditions in Kenya were mainly missionary expeditions and were mainly to open up the inland for the sake of the gospel. The scramble for raw materials would however come later as a secondary factor. The coming of the missionaries caused religion to spread rapidly throughout the entire east African region. For Kenya the spread advanced from the coastal region into the interior, whereas for Uganda the kabaka hosted the missionaries whose activities fanned out from the palace into the entire region. The Imperial British East Africa chose to move in and establish British sphere influence. Sending FJ Jackson who spearheaded this mission. Jackson sought to sign a treaty with Mwanga who was enjoying catholic backing after Karl Peters a German favoured by the catholics arrived in buganda. The Germany influence and interest over buganda was curtailed by the signing of the Heligoland treaty of July 1890. In this treaty buganda was officially recognized as a British sphere of influence in return for Heligoland island in the north sea to the Germans (EnterUganda) In Kenya it all began at the 1884 to 1885 Berlin Conference which was the basis on which was set the rules of colonial occupation. Combining with the 1886 Anglo-German Agreement and other inter- European territorial arrangements, the Berlin conference was instrumental in not only erecting artificial boundaries around Kenya but also in removing diplomatic initiative from Kenyan people. This was just a precursor of the demarcation of the Kenyan territory that would follow in the year 1894. Imperial British East Africa now had a firm grip on the two east African states Kenya and Uganda. However in order to further protect their interests in Uganda the Imperial British East Africa later send Captain Fredrick Lugard to counter the threat posed by Emin Kasha in Sudan who was planning to annex buganda and bunyoro to Turkey. Charles Stoke a missionary turned arms dealer who was also plotting to arm Kabalega needed to be dealt with because kabalega being unfriendly to the British would be a r isk if he was armed.. Captain Lugard successfully forestalled their plans. However the coming of Captain Lugard was viewed by Mwanga and the catholic backed regime as a triumph for the protestant. Lugard signed a treaty with Mwanga and fought alongside him to defeat the muslim invasion. Captain Lugard also entered an agreement with Ntare V to stop arms from reaching Kabalega. Inter religious hostilities flared once again and this time Captain Lugard armed the protestant faction. Mwanga fled to Budda but a kingdom without a kabaka was weakened so Lugard reinstated Mwanga in 1892 after signing a treaty. Buganda land according to the agreement was divided among the religious factions with a total of 20 in number, 12 for the protestant, 8 for the catholic and 2 for the muslim. The catholic were less privileged politically. Mwanga again attempted an escape and a revolt. He chose to unite with the ankole, busoga and lango and kabalega but their resistance was subdued by the British. Both men were captured and exiled to the Seychelles (EnterUganda). This paved way for the 1900 buganda agreement signed by the missionaries on behalf of Mwangas infant son. This agreement covered administrative structure, finance and recognition of the kabaka and his government on condition that their loyalty was to the British governor. The native courts were brought under the protectorate courts and kabaka was forbidden from maintaining an army. Buganda therefore lost her independence through this treaty. Kenyas boundaries were demarcated without the consultation of Kenyas people. It can be conceded that the colonial boundaries led to the establishment of a large territorial entity (Waweru) The fact that the administrative and ethnic boundaries were coterminous nurtured negative ethnicity as different communities competed for colonial resources. Inter-ethnic competition would characterize the post-1945 nationalist struggles and post-colonial politics. British colonial economic policy in Kenya included the following the isolation of land for European settlers ,African taxation African migrant/forced labour and the development of a settler dominated and peasant agricultural commodity production, export production, rail and road transport, education and health (Waweru) Similarly Sir Harry Johnston was sent by Britain to Uganda to implement a plan for the new colony that included an overhaul of the monetary system and land tenure. The introduction of hut tax caused the kingdom to forfeit all traditional forms of exchange and work on the land, produce crop and share in taxes with the government. The new monetary system in place ensured that Ugandans would be able to use cash to buy imported goods. Control was always established through signing of agreements that subordinated the kingdom areas of the buganda kingdom to British imperialism (EnterUganda). For Kenya the fact that the ethnic and administrative boundaries were coterminous gave rise to negative ethnicity because the different communities began to compete for colonial resources. This inter-ethnic competition would eventually lead to the post-1945 nationalist struggles and post-colonial politics. Some of the examples of these struggles included attempts by so-called minority Luyia, Kalenjin and coastal communities to establish quasi-federalism as a counterpoise to Kikuyu-Luo domination in independent Kenya. In Kenya British indirect rule often led to recruitment of British collaborative agents and porters into leadership positions. Chiefs councils, native tribunals and local native councils were often used but were actually a mockery of democracy. These councils were often chaired by colonial district officers and acted as legal and administrative avenues that were to keep Africans in their subordinate positions. The Europeans dominated these executive and legislative councils and unilaterally formulated policies and made budgets in Nairobi the Kenyan capital city with the approval of London. Africans were mostly excluded from these councils, which were chaired by the Governor until and after the Second World War. In Kenya and Uganda the earliest schools were built by missionaries. Both colonial and post colonial education was not geared to impart productive skills and this affected the middle class. Whereas formal education was not in place until 1925 in Uganda prior to which schools were conspicuously factional with catholics and Protestants having their own schools Kenya was altogether different, settler schools were established and schooling was based on race with the best schools absorbing the European and the average ones for the African. In Uganda muslims had lost out in terms of sponsorship on schooling because of Turkeys defeat in the world war and so they ended up taking less formal jobs compared to their counterparts in the protestant and catholic caliber. In Kenya colonial education fostered the emergence of semi skilled elites. They served the colonial state and economy.Some of them like Johana Owalo, Harry Thuku, Jomo Kenyatta, Dedan Kimathi, Oginga Odinga and Tom Mboya made atte mpts at establishing organized nationalism. This nationalism was based on primordial ethnicity and colonial administration. It was only after the establishment of the Kenya African Union that the nationalists attempted territory-wide mobilization of Kenyans. The colonial state carefully chose the leaders of the independent regime as it laid the grounds for neo-colonialism. In Uganda political parties were born which were based on this factional approach with ideologies based on religious differences. Uganda and Kenya had similarities in the local government system which was based on tribal entities each being treated independently but under a common British governor. The separation of these districts here was meant to hinder national consciousness and the emergence of national political parties. Colonial resistance took many forms in both Kenya and Uganda. In Uganda the nyangive- abaganda rebellion was one of the earliest of these by the bunyoro and ankole directed against the baganda chiefs who the colonialists deployed after the fall of kabalega. Later other resistance movements like the nyabingi cult which was trying to overturn the colonial administrative legacy was also started. Other resistance movements such as native civil servants association and the bataka movement were formed agitating for better conditions of service and regaining of land control respectively. It was mostly the semi educated elites who came up with organizations to fight suppression, exploitation and discrimination by the colonialist. Other organizations agitated for markets for their food products whereas some agitated against Indian domination in the trade sector. For Kenya agitation of the 1950s was based on the land tenure, the mau mau uprising became the most formidable resistance against the british mounted by the Agikuyu community. Colonial military expeditions led to genocide and forced migrations of people among the Agikuyu, Abagusii, the Nandi, Ababukusu, Giriama and all the others who met colonial force with force.

The Life of a Star Essay -- essays research papers

The Life of a Star One night while little Jimmy was out camping with his father, he asked his father how a star is made? And his father said there are high-mass stars, intermediate-mass stars, and low-mass stars. The life cycles of stars follow three general patterns each associated with a range of initial mass. Much like human beings stars have a life cycle, they go threw birth, evolution, and death. And little Jimmy said how is that possible? First the star must be born. Many astronomers believe that a star is formed when large compression waves traveling through gas clouds create dense knots of gas is the cloud. The gravity of these knots then pules the other gas molecules. As the knot grows larger and larger the gravity starts attracting more and more gas molecules. Eventually, the knot coalesces into a growing sphere of compressed gas that reaches internal temperatures of a few million degrees Celsius. At this point the gases in the knot’s interior become so hot that their atomic nuclei begin fusing, creating large amounts of nuclear energy and forming a new star. Pressure from the radiation of new stars in turn causes more, higher-density zones to form in the gas cloud, which initiates the birth of more stars. Next the evolution and main sequence of a star, as it’s going through puberty. In its earliest stage, a typical star is large and emits infrared light. Within a million years, the gravitational attraction of the star’s material for itself causes the star to ...

The Metamorphosis Essay -- The Metamorphosis Franz Kafka Literature Es

The Metamorphosis The longer story The Metamorphosis, first published in 1971, was written by Franz Kafka. He was born in Prague in 1883 and lived until 1924, and he has written many other stories along with The Metamorphosis. The Metamorphosis appears to be a fantastic piece. After reading The Metamorphosis, I do believe that there are many similarities between magical realism and fantastic literature. Kafka showed many fantastic issues in The Metamorphosis. While reading The Metamorphosis, I did not feel that it had any magical elements in the story, but had many fantastic elements. In my opinion, I think that the story did have some realist elements. For example, there was a lot of tension with the family. Although it had to do with Gregor Samsa who turned into the insect, that tension is still real. Families do have arguing along with tension, even if most of the time it was due to Gregor being an insect. Most of us should know that, when a person wakes up one day and is all of a sudden a bug, that change can not be magical. There is not any other way to look at that. A person just can not appear to be an insect one day and wake up with these enormous legs and be a bug. A magical element in The Metamorphosis is that a person could see or picture this monstrous vermin or insect. The boy turning into an insect could be somewhat magical because here there is a human body lying on the bed, and then within the blink of an eye, it is a bug. I feel that magical elements and fantastic literature are similar. For example, Gregor's father was throwing apples at him and one got stuck in his back, and became infected. Then he eventually died. I can see that example as magical, but I could also see it as a fantasy. Angel Flore... ...c issues in The Metamorphosis. I felt that the fantastic elements were similar to some magical elements. If he or she needs to know more about how to compare magical elements to fantastic elements, I would recommend he or she to look up information on the internet or find books. There are many different things a person can find to relate to. Works Cited Franz Kafka Criticism. 31 Jan 2001. http://vtvt.essortment.com/franzkafkacrit_pbs.htm Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis. N.Y.: Schocken Books, 1971. Rabkin, Eric S. The Fantastic in Literature. Princeton, N. J: Princeton UP, 1976 The Metamorphosis. By Kafka, Franz. Summary. 31 Jan 2001.< http://mchip00.med.nyu.edu/lit-med-db/webdocs/webdescrips/kafka98-des-html.> Todorov, Tzvetan. The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Form. Cleveland: The Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1973.

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 29. Defection

We sat there all night long, statues of horror and grief, and Alice never came back. We were all at our limits – frenzied into absolute stillness. Carlisle had barely been able to move his lips to explain it all to Jacob. The retelling seemed to make it worse; even Emmett stood silent and still from then on. It wasn't until the sun rose and I knew that Renesmee would soon be stirring under my hands that I wondered for the first time what could possibly be taking Alice so long. I'd hoped to know more before I was faced with my daughter's curiosity. To have some answers. Some tiny, tiny portion of hope so that I could smile and keep the truth from terrifying her, too. My face felt permanently set into the fixed mask it had worn all night. I wasn't sure I had the ability to smile anymore. Jacob was snoring in the corner, a mountain of fur on the floor, twitching anxiously in his sleep. Sam knew everything – the wolves were readying themselves for what was coming. Not that this preparation would do anything but get them killed with the rest of my family. Thesunlight broke through the back windows, sparkling on Edward's skin. My eyes had not moved from his since Alice's departure. We'd stared at each other all night, staring at what neither of us could live through losing: the other. I saw my reflection glimmer in his agonized eyes as the sun touched my own skin. His eyebrows moved an infinitesimal bit, then his lips. â€Å"Alice,† he said. Thesound of hisvoice was like ice cracking as it melted. All of us fractured a little, softened a little. Moved again. â€Å"She's been gone a long time,†Rosalie murmured, surprised. â€Å"Where could she be?† Emmett wondered, taking a step toward the door. Esme put a hand on her arm. â€Å"We don't want to disturb †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"She's never taken so long before,† Edward said. New worry splintered the mask his face had become. His features were alive again, his eyes suddenly wide with fresh fear, extra panic. â€Å"Carlisle, you don't think – something preemptive? Would Alice have had time to see if they sent someone for her?† Aro's translucent-skinned face filled my head. Aro, who had seen into all the corners of Alice's mind, who knew everything she was capable of – Emmett cussed loud enough that Jacob lurched to his feet with a growl. In the yard, his growl was echoed by his pack. My family was already a blur of action. â€Å"Stay with Renesmee!† I all but shrieked at Jacob as I sprinted through the door. I was still stronger than the rest of them, and I used that strength to push myself forward. I overtook Esme in a few bounds, and Rosalie in just a few strides more. I raced through the thick forest until I was right behind Edward and Carlisle. â€Å"Would they have been able to surprise her?† Carlisle asked, his voice as even as if he were standing motionless rather than running at full speed. â€Å"I don't see how,† Edward answered. â€Å"But Aro knows her better than anyone else. Better than I do.† â€Å"Is this a trap?† Emmett called from behind us. â€Å"Maybe,† Edward said. â€Å"There's no scent but Alice and Jasper. Where were they going?† Alice and Jasper's trail was curling into a wide arc; it stretched first east of the house, but headed north on the other side of the river, and then back west again after a few miles. We recrossed the river, all six jumping within a second of each other. Edward ran in the lead, his concentration total. â€Å"Did you catch that scent?† Esme called ahead a few moments after we'd leaped the river for the second time. She was the farthest back, on the far left edge of our hunting party. She gestured to the southeast. â€Å"Keep to the main trail – we're almost to the Quileute border,† Edward ordered tersely. â€Å"Stay together. See if they turned north or south.† I was not as familiar with the treaty line as the rest of them, but I could smell the hint of wolf in the breeze blowing from the east. Edward and Carlisle slowed a little out of habit, and I could see their heads sweep from side to side, waiting for the trail to turn. Then the wolf smell was suddenly stronger, and Edward's head snapped up. He came to a sudden stop. The rest of us froze, too. â€Å"Sam?† Edward asked in a flat voice. â€Å"What is this?† Sam came through the trees a few hundred yards away, walking quickly toward us in his human form, flanked by two big wolves – Paul and Jared. It took Sam a while to reach us; his human pace made me impatient. I didn't want time to think about what was happening. I wanted to be in motion, to be doing something. I wanted to have my arms around Alice, to know beyond a doubt that she was safe. I watched Edward's face go absolutely white as he read what Sam was thinking. Sam ignored him, looking straight at Carlisle as he stopped walking and began to speak. â€Å"Right after midnight, Alice and Jasper came to this place and asked permission to cross our land to the ocean. I granted them that and escorted them to the coast myself. They went immediately into the water and did not return. As we journeyed, Alice told me it was of the utmost importance that I say nothing to Jacob about seeing her until I spoke to you. I was to wait here for you to come looking for her and then give you this note. She told me to obey her as if all our lives depended on it.† Sam's face was grim as he held out a folded sheet of paper, printed all over with small black text. It was a page out of a book; my sharp eyes read the printed words as Carlisle unfolded it to see the other side. The side facing me was the copyright page from The Merchant of Venice. A hint of my own scent blew off of it as Carlisle shook the paper flat. I realized it was a page torn from one of my books. I'd brought a few things from Charlie's house to the cottage; a few sets of normal clothes, all the letters from my mother, and my favorite books. My tattered collection of Shakespeare paperbacks had been on the bookshelf in the cottage's little living room yesterday morning†¦. â€Å"Alice has decided to leave us,† Carlisle whispered. â€Å"What?† Rosalie cried. Carlisle turned the page around so that we all could read. Don't look for us. There isn't time to waste. Remember; Tanya, Siobhan, Amun, Alistair, all the nomads you can find. We'll seek out Peter and Charlotte on our way. We're so sorry that we have to leave you this way, with no goodbyes or explanations. It's the only way for us. We love you. We stood frozen again, the silence total but for the sound of the wolves' heartbeats, their breathing. Their thoughts must have been loud, too. Edward was first to move again, speaking in response to what he heard in Sam's head. â€Å"Yes, things are that dangerous.† â€Å"Enough that you would abandon your family?† Sam asked out loud, censure in his tone. It was clear that he had not read the note before giving it to Carlisle. He was upset now, looking as if he regretted listening to Alice. Edward's expression was stiff – to Sam it probably looked angry or arrogant, but I could see the shape of pain in the hard planes of his face. â€Å"We don't know what she saw,† Edward said. â€Å"Alice is neither unfeeling nor a coward. She just has more information than we do.† â€Å"Wewould not – ,† Sam began. â€Å"You are bound differently than we are,† Edward snapped. â€Å"1/1/e each still have our free will.† Sam's chin jerked up, and his eyes looked suddenly flat black. â€Å"But you should heed the warning,† Edward went on. â€Å"This is not something you want to involve yourselves in. You can still avoid what Alice saw.† Sam smiled grimly. â€Å"We don't run away.† Behind him, Paul snorted. â€Å"Don't get your family slaughtered for pride,† Carlisle interjected quietly. Sam looked at Carlisle with a softer expression. â€Å"As Edward pointed out, we don't have the same kind of freedom that you have. Renesmee is as much as part of our family now as she is yours. Jacob cannot abandon her, and we cannot abandon him.† His eyes flickered to Alice's note, and his lips pressed into a thinline. â€Å"You don't know her,† Edward said. â€Å"Do you?† Sam asked bluntly. Carlisle put a hand on Edward's shoulder. â€Å"We have much to do, son. Whatever Alice's decision, we would be foolish not to follow her advice now. Let's go home and get to work.† Edward nodded, his face still rigid with pain. Behind me, I could hear Esme's quiet, tearless sobs. I didn't know how to cry in this body; I couldn't do anything but stare. There was no feeling yet. Everything seemed unreal, like I was dreaming again after all these months. Having a nightmare. â€Å"Thank you, Sam,† Carlisle said. â€Å"I'm sorry,† Sam answered. â€Å"We shouldn't have let her through.† â€Å"You did the right thing,† Carlisle told him. â€Å"Alice is free to do what she will. I wouldn't deny her that liberty.† I'd always thought of the Cullens as a whole, an indivisible unit. Suddenly, I remembered that it had not always been so. Carlisle had created Edward, Esme, Rosalie and Emmett; Edward had created me. We were physically linked by blood and venom. I never thought of Alice and Jasper as separate – as adopted into the family. But in truth, Alice had adopted the Cullens. She had shown up with her unconnected past, bringing Jasper with his, and fit herself into the family that was already there. Both she and Jasper had known another life outside the Cullen family. Had she really chosen to lead another new life after she'd seen that life with the Cullens was over? We were doomed, then, weren't we? There was no hope at all. Not one ray, one flicker that might have convinced Alice she had a chance at our side. The bright morning air seemed thicker suddenly, blacker, as if physically darkened by my despair. â€Å"I'mnot going down without a fight,† Emmett snarled low under his breath. â€Å"Alice told us what to do. Let's get it done.† The others nodded with determined expressions, and I realized that they were banking on whatever chance Alice had given us. That they were not going to give in to hopelessness and wait to die. Yes, we all would fight. What else was there? And apparently we would involve others, because Alice had said so before she'd left us. How could we not follow Alice's last warning? The wolves, too, would fight with us for Renesmee. We would fight, they would fight, and we all would die. I didn't feel the same resolve the others seemed to feel. Alice knew the odds. She was giving us the only chance she could see, but the chance was too slim for her to bet on it. I felt already beaten as I turned my back on Sam's critical face and followed Carlisle toward home. We ran automatically now, not the same panicked hurry as before. As we neared the river, Esme's head lifted. â€Å"There was that other trail. It was fresh.† She nodded forward, toward where she had called Edward's attention on the way here. While we were racing to save Alice†¦ â€Å"It has to be from earlier in the day. It was just Alice, without Jasper,† Edward said lifelessly. Esme's face puckered, and she nodded. I drifted to the right, falling a little behind. I was sure Edward was right, but at the same time†¦ After all, how had Alice's note ended up on a page from my book? â€Å"Bella?† Edward asked in an emotionless voice as I hesitated. â€Å"I want to follow the trail,† I told him, smelling the light scent of Alice that led away from her earlier flight path, i was new to this, but it smelled exactly the same to me, just minus the scent of Jasper. Edward's golden eyes were empty. â€Å"It probably just leads back to the house.† â€Å"Then I'll meet you there.† At first I thought he would let me go alone, but then, as I moved a few steps away, his blank eyes flickered to life. â€Å"I'll come with you,† he said quietly. â€Å"Well meet you at home, Carlisle.† Carlisle nodded, and the others left. I waited until they were out of sight, and then I looked at Edward questioningly. â€Å"I couldn't let you walk away from me,† he explained in a low voice. â€Å"It hurt just to imagine it.† I understood without more explanation than that. I thought of being divided from him now and realized I would have felt the same pain, no matter how short the separation. There was so little time left to be together. I held my hand out to him, and he took it. â€Å"Let's hurry,† he said. â€Å"Renesmee will be awake.† I nodded, and we were running again. It was probably a silly thing, to waste the time away from Renesmee just for curiosity's sake. But the note bothered me. Alice could have carved the note into a boulder or tree trunk if she lacked writing utensils. She could have stolen a pad of Post-its from any of the houses by the highway. Why my book? When did she get it? Sure enough, the trail led back to the cottage by a circuitous route that stayed far clear of the Cullens' house and the wolves in the nearby woods. Edward's brows tightened in confusion as it became obvious where the trail led. He tried to reason it out. â€Å"She left Jasper to wait for her and came here?† We were almost to the cottage now, and I felt uneasy. I was glad to have Edward's hand in mine, but I also felt as if I should be here alone. Tearing out the page and carrying it back to Jasper was such an odd thing for Alice to do. It felt like there was a message in her action – one I didn't understand at all. But it was my book, so the message must be for me. If it were something she wanted Edward to know, wouldn't she have pulled a page from one of his books†¦ ? â€Å"Give me just a minute,† I said, pulling my hand free as we got to the door. His forehead creased. â€Å"Bella?† â€Å"Please? Thirty seconds.† I didn't wait for him to answer. I darted through the door, pulling it shut behind me. I went straight to the bookshelf. Alice's scent was fresh – less than a day old. A fire that I had not set burned low but hot in the fireplace. I yanked The Merchant of Venice off the shelf and flipped it open to the title page. There, next to the feathered edge left by the torn page, under the words The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, was a note. Destroy this. Below that was a name and an address in Seattle. When Edward came through the door after only thirteen seconds rather than thirty, I was watching the book burn. â€Å"What's going on, Bella?† â€Å"She was here. She ripped a page out of my book to write her note on.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"I don't know why.† â€Å"Why are you burning it?† â€Å"I – I – † I frowned, letting all my frustration and pain show on my face. I did not know what Alice was trying to tell me, only that she'd gone to great lengths to keep it from anyone but me. The one person whose mind Edward could not read. So she must want to keep him in the dark, and it was probably for a good reason. â€Å"It seemed appropriate.† â€Å"We don't know what she's doing,† he said quietly. I stared into the flames. I was the only person in the world who could lie to Edward. Was that what Alice wanted from me? Her last request? â€Å"When we were on the plane to Italy,† I whispered – this was not a lie, except perhaps in context – â€Å"on our way to rescue you†¦ she lied to Jasper so that he wouldn't come after us. She knew that if he faced the Volturi, he would die. She was willing to die herself rather than put him in danger. Willing for me to die, too. Willing for you to die.† Edward didn't answer. â€Å"She has her priorities,† I said. It made my still heart ache to realize that my explanation did not feel like a lie in any way. â€Å"I don't believe it,† Edward said. He didn't say it like he was arguing with me – he said it like he was arguing with himself. â€Å"Maybe it was just Jasper in danger. Her plan would work for the rest of us, but he'd be lost if he stayed. Maybe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"She could have told us that. Sent him away.† â€Å"But would Jasper have gone? Maybe she's lying to him again.† â€Å"Maybe,† I pretended to agree. â€Å"We should go home. There's no time.† Edward took my hand, and we ran. Alice's note did not make me hopeful. If there were any way to avoid the coming slaughter, Alice would have stayed. I couldn't see another possibility. So it was something else she was giving me. Not a way to escape. But what else would she think that I wanted? Maybe a way to salvage something? Was there anything I could still save? Carlisle and the others had not been idle in our absence. We'd been separated from them for all of five minutes, and they were already prepared to leave. In the corner, Jacob was human again, with Renesmee on his lap, both of them watching us with wide eyes. Rosalie had traded her silk wrap dress for a sturdy-looking pair of jeans, running shoes, and a button-down shirt made of the thick weave that backpackers used for long trips. Esme was dressed similarly. There was a globe on the coffee table, but they were done looking at it, just waiting for us. The atmosphere was more positive now than before; it felt good to them to be in action. Their hopes were pinned on Alice's instructions. I looked at the globe and wondered where we were headed first. â€Å"We're to stay here?† Edward asked, looking at Carlisle. He didn't sound happy. â€Å"Alice said that we would have to show people Renesmee, and we would have to be careful about it,† Carlisle said. â€Å"We'll send whomever we can find back here to you – Edward, you'll be the best at fielding that particular minefield.† Edward gave one sharp nod, still not happy. â€Å"There's a lot of ground to cover.† â€Å"We're splitting up,† Emmett answered. â€Å"Rose and I are hunting for nomads.† â€Å"You'll have your hands full here,† Carlisle said. â€Å"Tanya's family will be here in the morning, and they have no idea why. First, you have to persuade them not to react the way Irina did. Second, you've got to find out what Alice meant about Eleazar. Then, after all that, will they stay to witness for us? It will start again as the others come – if we can persuade anyone to come in the first place.† Carlisle sighed. â€Å"Your job may well be the hardest. We'll be back to help as soon as we can.† Carlisle put his hand on Edward's shoulder for a second and then kissed my forehead. Esme hugged us both, and Emmett punched us both on the arm. Rosalie forced a hard smile for Edward and me, blew a kiss to Renesmee, and then gave Jacob a parting grimace. â€Å"Good luck,† Edward told them. â€Å"And to you,† Carlisle said. â€Å"We'll all need it.† I watched them leave, wishing I could feel whatever hope bolstered them, and wishing I could be alone with the computer for just a few seconds. I had to figure out who this J. Jenks person was and why Alice had gone to such lengths to give his name to only me. Renesmee twisted in Jacob's arms to touch his cheek. â€Å"I don't know if Carlisle's friends will come. I hope so. Sounds like we're a little outnumbered right now,† Jacob murmured to Renesmee. So she knew. Renesmee already understood only too clearly what was going on. The whole imprinted-werewolf-gives-the-object-of-his-imprinting-whatever-she-wants thing was getting old pretty fast. Wasn't shielding her more important than answering her questions? I looked carefully at her face. She did not look frightened, only anxious and very serious as she conversed with Jacob in her silent way. â€Å"No, we can't help; we've got to stay here,† he went on. â€Å"People are coming to see you, not the scenery.† Renesmee frowned at him. â€Å"No, I don't have to go anywhere,† he said to her. Then he looked at Edward, his face stunned by the realization that he might be wrong. â€Å"Do I?† Edward hesitated. â€Å"Spit it out,† Jacob said, his voice raw with tension. He was right at his breaking point, just like the rest of us. â€Å"The vampires who are coming to help us are not the same as we are,† Edward said. â€Å"Tanya's family is the only one besides ours with a reverence for human life, and even they don't think much of werewolves. I think it might be safer – â€Å" â€Å"I can take care of myself,† Jacob interrupted. â€Å"Safer for Renesmee,† Edward continued, â€Å"if the choice to believe our story about her is not tainted by an association with werewolves.† â€Å"Some friends. They'd turn on you just because of who you hang out with now?† â€Å"I think they would mostly be tolerant under normal circumstances. But you need to understand – accepting Nessie will not be a simple thing for any of them. Why make it even the slightest bit harder?† Carlisle had explained the laws about immortal children to Jacob last night. â€Å"The immortal children were really that bad?† he asked. â€Å"You can't imagine the depth of the scars they've left in the collective vampire psyche.† â€Å"Edward †¦Ã¢â‚¬  It was still odd to hear Jacob use Edward's name without bitterness. â€Å"I know, Jake. I know how hard it is to be away from her. We'll play it by ear – see how they react to her. In any case, Nessie is going to have to be incognito off and on in the next few weeks. She'll need to stay at the cottage until the right moment for us to introduce her. As long as you keep a safe distance from the main house †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I can do that. Company in the morning, huh?† â€Å"Yes. The closest of our friends. In this particular case, it's probably better if we get things out in the open as soon as possible. You can stay here. Tanya knows about you. She's even met Seth.† â€Å"You should tell Sam what's going on. There might be strangers in the woods soon.† â€Å"Good point. Though I owe him some silence after last night.† â€Å"Listening to Alice is usually the right thing.† Jacob's teeth ground together, and I could see that he shared Sam's feelings about what Alice and Jasper had done. While they were talking, I wandered toward the back windows, trying to look distracted and anxious. Not a difficult thing to do. I leaned my head against the wall that curved away from the living room toward the dining room, right next to one of the computer desks. I ran my fingers against the keys while staring into the forest, trying to make it look like an absentminded thing. Did vampires ever do things absentmindedly? I didn't think anyone was paying particular attention to me, but I didn't turn to make sure. The monitor glowed to life. I stroked my fingers across the keys again. Then I drummed them very quietly on the wooden desktop, just to make it seem random. Another stroke across the keys. I scanned the screen in my peripheral vision. No J. Jenks, but there was a Jason Jenks. A lawyer. I brushed the keyboard, trying to keep a rhythm, like the preoccupied stroking of a cat you'd all but forgotten on your lap. Jason Jenks had a fancy website for his firm, but the address on the homepage was wrong. In Seattle, but in a different zip code. I noted the phone number and then stroked the keyboard in rhythm. This time I searched the address, but nothing at all came up, as if the address didn't exist. I wanted to look at a map, but I decided I was pushing my luck. One more brush, to delete the history___ I continued staring out the window and brushed the wood a few times. I heard light footsteps crossing the floor to me, and I turned with what I hoped was the same expression as before. Renesmee reached for me, and I held my arms open. She launched herself into them, smelling strongly of werewolf, and nestled her head against my neck. I didn't know if I could stand this. As much as I feared for my life, for Edward's, for the rest of my family's, it was not the same as the gut-wrenching terror I felt for my daughter. There had to be a way to save her, even if that was the only thing I could do. Suddenly, I knew that this was all I wanted anymore. The rest I would bear if I had to, but not her life being forfeited. Not that. She was the one thing I simply had to save. Would Alice have known how I would feel? Renesmee's hand touched my cheek lightly. She showed me my own face, Edward's, Jacob's, Rosalie's, Esme's, Carlisle's, Alice's, Jasper's, flipping through all our family's faces faster and faster. Seth and Leah. Charlie, Sue, and Billy. Over and over again. Worrying, like the rest of us were. She was only worrying, though. Jake had kept the worst from her as far as I could tell. The part about how we had no hope, how we all were going to die in a month's time. She settled on Alice's face, longing and confused. Where was Alice? â€Å"I don't know,† I whispered. â€Å"But she's Alice. She's doing the right thing, like always.† The right thing for Alice, anyway. I hated thinking of her that way, but how else could the situation be understood? Renesmee sighed, and the longing intensified. â€Å"I miss her, too.† I felt my face working, trying to find the expression that went with the grief inside. My eyes felt strange and dry; they blinked against the uncomfortable feeling. I bit my lip. When I took my next breath, the air hitched in my throat, like I was choking on it. Renesmee pulled back to look at me, and I saw my face mirrored in her thoughts and in her eyes. I looked like Esme had this morning. So this was what it felt like to cry. Renesmee's eyes glistened wetly as she watched my face. She stroked my face, showing me nothing, just trying to soothe me. I'd never thought to see the mother-daughter bond reversed between us, the way it had always been for Renee and me. But I hadn't had a very clear view of the future. A tear welled up on the edge of Renesmee's eye. I wiped it away with a kiss. She touched her eye in amazement and then looked at the wetness on her fingertip. â€Å"Don't cry,† I told her. â€Å"It's going to be okay. You're going to be fine. I will find you a way through this.† If there was nothing else I could do, I would still save my Renesmee. I was more positive than ever that this was what Alice would give me. She would know. She would have left me a way.